Lourdes, Fátima… y… Garabandal…

Carlos Balén reports that the Church evaluates Marian apparitions through a convergence of specific signs rather than the emotional response they trigger or the size of the crowds they attract. According to Balén, the Church distinguishes supernatural grace from experiences caused by suggestion, fantasy, or collective contagion by examining the doctrinal quality of the message, the psychological and moral freedom of the visionaries, their obedience, and their spiritual fruits.

The evaluation also relies on the stability of the witnesses' testimony and the judgment of competent authorities. Balén notes that the perseverance of a witness under pressure is a significant indicator, as an objective revelation requires someone who can state what they saw and heard without betraying the truth. He suggests that comparing the witnesses of Lourdes, Fátima, and Garabandal can provide clarity when done with precision and charity.